From Waste to Value: A Hybrid Decision-Making Framework for Industrial Symbiosis Implementation in an Industrial Park

Bengü Güngör; Enes İçer; Sema Kayapınar Kaya; Tuğba Keskin Gündoğdu; Dragan Pamucar

doi:10.31181/dma412026174

Authors

Bengü Güngör Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-2411
Enes İçer Operations Research MSc. Program, Graduate Education Institute, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6905-9071
Sema Kayapınar Kaya Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-4965
Tuğba Keskin Gündoğdu 1) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye; 2) Sustainable Environmental Studies Research and Application Center, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2742-4783
Dragan Pamucar 1) Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Türkiye; 2) BEU-Scientific Research Center, Baku Engineering University, Baku, Azerbaijan; 3) Department of Applied Mathematical Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; 4) School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2488-9403

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31181/dma412026174

Keywords:

Circular Economy, Industrial Park, Industrial Symbiosis, Material Flow Analysis, Waste Management

Abstract

The transition from a linear to a circular economy is a crucial strategy for addressing resource scarcity, waste generation, and climate change. Industrial Symbiosis (IS) plays a central role in this transition by facilitating the exchange of waste and by-products across industries, thereby improving both environmental and economic performance. This study develops and applies a hybrid methodology for IS implementation in the Manisa Industrial Park (Türkiye), one of the country’s largest industrial zones. The proposed framework integrates Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (AHP, VIKOR, and ELECTRE), Material Flow Analysis (MFA), and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to identify sectoral priorities through expert consultation and survey-based criteria weighting, and to optimize inter-company waste exchange networks. The findings designate the metal, plastic, plant-based, and chemical sectors as priority domains, while the optimization results indicate a relative improvement of up to 35% under normalized assumptions through optimized waste exchange networks. The proposed framework bridges theoretical models with real-world applications, providing a replicable decision-support tool for enterprises, policymakers, and industrial park administrators in emerging economies, while aligning with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to decent work, sustainable cities, and climate action.

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